Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in India, with lifestyle choices playing a crucial role.
As the second most frequent cancer among Indian women aged 15 to 44, understanding the interplay between lifestyle and cervical cancer is vital for prevention and control strategies.
CERVICAL CANCER IN INDIA
India bears a substantial burden of cervical cancer, with approximately 1,23,907 women diagnosed and 77,348 succumbing to the disease annually.
The age-standardised incidence rate stands at 14.7 per 100,000 women, while the mortality rate is 9.2 per 100,000 women.
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour that develops in the cervix, the lowermost part of the uterus. It happens when the body is infected by high-risk human papillomaviruses like HPV 16 and HPV 18.
A simple pap smear screening and an HPV vaccine can prevent the cancer.
Cervical cancer may not show symptoms in the early stages. But as the disease progresses, warning signs such as unusual vaginal bleeding, including post-coital bleeding, bleeding between periods or after menopause, watery or foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and pelvic pain, especially during intercourse, may emerge.
Another early sign of cervical cancer involves ulcers and irregular surfaces on the cervix after examination.
Cervical cancer is so common that nearly all sexually active individuals will contract it at some point in their lives, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).
LIFESTYLE HABITS THAT AFFECT CERVICAL CANCER RISK
Lifestyle habits can exacerbate the risk posed by HPV infection or contribute independently to the development of cervical cancer.
Quit Smoking
Putting an end to smoking can fortify the immune system and diminish the chances of cervical cancer and other health issues.
“Smoking increases the body’s exposure to dangerous carcinogens, which makes cervical cells more vulnerable,” Dr Deepika Aggarwal, Senior Gynaecologist and Obstetrician, CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram told IndiaToday.In.
Regular Exercise
Engaging in consistent physical activity not only boosts vitality and mood but also enhances the immune system.
Dr Deepika said, “It’s critical to keep a healthy weight because obesity has been associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer. Obesity can cause persistent inflammation, upset the balance of hormones, and foster abnormal cell growth.”
Avoid Pills
Dr Pooja Mehta, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Director – Unit Head Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Marengo Asia Hospital, Gurugram, said, “Steer clear of birth control pills, as studies have linked their usage to a higher risk of cervical cancer. Instead, prioritise hand hygiene to minimise infection risks.”
Sexual Safety
Reducing the number of sexual partners can lower the risk of contracting HPV, thus diminishing the likelihood of cervical cancer. Safe sex practices are highly recommended, said Dr Pooja Mehta.
Regular Screening
Routine Pap smears and HPV tests after 30 years of age are crucial for early detection or prevention of cervical cancer. These screenings play a pivotal role in timely intervention.
Eat Smart
Adopt a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nutritious foods to mitigate cervical cancer risks. Obesity and a diet lacking in these elements have been linked to increased vulnerability to this form of cancer.
While cervical cancer can affect anyone, being vigilant about bodily changes and promptly reporting any abnormalities is key to early detection and intervention.
Rohit Malhotra is a medical expert and health journalist who offers evidence-based advice on fitness, nutrition, and mental well-being. His articles aim to help readers lead healthier lives.
