Astronomers were left puzzled as Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, which had been erupting with the punctuality of a geyser, suddenly ceased its regular outbursts.
The comet, known for its cryovolcanic activity, had been spewing ice and dust into space every 15 days, earning it the nickname ‘Old Faithful’ among the astronomical community.
The comet’s predictable behaviour had allowed astronomers to anticipate its eruptions, but the pattern was unexpectedly broken when an eruption due on December 29, 2023 failed to occur. This followed three consecutive outbursts on November 15, December 1, and December 14, which were closely monitored by both amateur and professional astronomers.
Nick James of the British Astronomical Association compiled a lightcurve from the observations, which clearly indicated the missing event.
Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, which has a nucleus measuring approximately 34 kilometers in diameter, is no stranger to attention. It has been observed undergoing multiple outbursts in the past year, including a significant brightening in July 2023 when it was about 3.9 AU from the Sun.
These outbursts have led to the formation of a horseshoe-shaped coma, likely caused by the release of billions of kilograms of material into space.
Despite the comet’s recent silence, astronomers remain vigilant. “There have been no significant outbursts since the one on December 14,” Nick James remarked. “We are coming up to 30 days since the last outburst, so please observe this comet whenever you can.” The astronomical community is on the lookout, hoping that Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks will regain its rhythm and provide further insights into its behavior.
The comet is forecast to reach its brightest point in its 2024 apparition on April 21, lying at a distance of 0.78 AU from the Sun and 1.60 AU from Earth. While it poses no threat to our planet, with its closest approach being about 1.5 AU, the comet continues to fascinate scientists with its dynamic nature and unpredictable outbursts.
As the comet approaches perihelion, the closest point to the Sun in its orbit, the chances of witnessing more spectacular eruptions increase.
Shambhu Kumar is a science communicator, making complex scientific topics accessible to all. His articles explore breakthroughs in various scientific disciplines, from space exploration to cutting-edge research.
