Maternal death rates in the United States have experienced a significant increase over the past 20 years, more than doubling, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The study, which examined data from 2009 to 2019 on a state-by-state basis, revealed that mortality rates remain unacceptably high across all racial and ethnic groups. However, the most alarming outcomes were observed among Black women, Native American individuals, and Alaska Native people.
Dr. Allison Bryant, an obstetrician at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and co-author of the study, expressed concern about the worsening maternal death rates in the US. She emphasized that marginalized populations, particularly those historically underserved or disproportionately affected by structural racism, are more vulnerable to these adverse outcomes. Over the past two decades, Black women have consistently faced the highest maternal death rates, with rates more than doubling. For Native American and Alaska Native individuals, the rates have tripled.
Co-author Dr. Gregory Roth from the University of Washington highlighted that efforts to reduce pregnancy-related deaths have not only stagnated in areas with traditionally high rates, such as the South, but have also worsened in regions with better healthcare systems. Disturbingly, states like New York and New Jersey recorded an increase in deaths among Black and Latina mothers, while Wyoming and Montana experienced a rise in Asian mothers’ death rates. It is worth noting that, although white women generally have lower maternal mortality rates, certain regions of the country have witnessed an increase in these rates.
The study also draws attention to the stark contrast between the United States and other high-income countries, which have experienced a decline in maternal mortality rates. The researchers highlight a clear graph demonstrating the decline in countries like the Netherlands, Austria, and Japan, highlighting the US as an outlier with an alarming upward trend.
State review committees have found that most maternal deaths in the US are preventable. Dr. Catherine Spong from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center explains that various factors can contribute to pregnancy-related deaths, including cardiovascular disease, severe pre-eclampsia, maternal cardiac disease, hemorrhage, and ongoing heart problems and mental health conditions. The researchers argue that access to healthcare after childbirth plays a crucial role in addressing these health issues. Currently, Medicaid covers approximately half of the births in the US, and the majority of maternal deaths occur in the immediate postpartum period. Therefore, easy access to healthcare during this period is essential in reducing the high risk faced by new mothers.
Since 2021, states have had the option to extend Medicaid coverage for a year after childbirth, although only 36 states and Washington D.C. have implemented this extension. The study highlights that states like Alabama and Mississippi, which saw significant increases in maternal death rates, have not taken advantage of this option, suggesting a need for greater healthcare access and support in these areas.
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Rohit Malhotra is a medical expert and health journalist who offers evidence-based advice on fitness, nutrition, and mental well-being. His articles aim to help readers lead healthier lives.
