Cancer is a significant health concern worldwide and India is no exception. As a nation, we are witnessing the rising incidence of several cancer types largely shaped by a combination of lifestyle and environmental factors.
On World Cancer Day, we will understand the top five most common cancers impacting Indians and explore the underlying reasons.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is increasingly affecting younger women. Over half of the breast cancers in urban areas affect women younger than 50 years. Factors contributing to its high incidence include late marriages and childbirth, limited breastfeeding practices, and other lifestyle choices. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, with BRCA gene mutations being more prevalent in certain sections of Indian populations.
Breast cancer does not affect women only but has a profound impact on their families and society as a whole. It is essential to understand the importance of regular breast self-examinations and screening mammograms for early detection and better treatment options.
Oral Cancer
India is the oral cancer capital of the world, predominantly due to the rampant use of tobacco and alcohol. Smokeless tobacco, such as gutka and paan masala, is widely used and accounts for 90% of oral cancers.
Poor oral hygiene practices and a diet low in fruits and vegetables further compound the problem.
The high prevalence of oral cancer requires the urgent need for comprehensive tobacco control measures, including stricter regulations on the sale of tobacco products, public awareness campaigns, and easy access to smoking cessation programs.
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer ranks high among women in rural India, primarily due to a lack of awareness and hygiene, limited access to healthcare facilities, and inadequate screening programs. Persistent HPV infection, early sexual activity, multiple partners and a lack of vaccination against HPV contribute to the high incidence.
By vaccinating our youth, we not only protect the current generation but also pave the way for a healthier future where cervical cancer becomes increasingly rare.
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is closely linked to the rise in smoking habits, both in men and, increasingly, in women. Exposure to environmental pollutants and indoor air pollution from cooking fuels further elevates the risk, and we are seeing a significant number of lung cancer patients who have never smoked.
It is estimated that an average person in the National Capital Region (NCR) inhales environmental pollution that is equivalent to smoking 15 to 20 cigarettes daily. Delayed diagnosis is a significant concern, making early detection and smoking cessation crucial.
The government needs to take proactive measures to curb air pollution. High-risk individuals like smokers, mine workers, should be subjected to regular screening for lung cancer.
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is on the rise in India, attributed to dietary shifts towards processed or junk food and reduced fibre intake. An inactive lifestyle, obesity, and genetic predisposition are other contributing factors.
Promoting a balanced diet rich in fibre, regular physical activity, and routine screenings for those at risk can go a long way in preventing colorectal cancer.
The Importance of Awareness, Prevention and Early Detection
These top five cancers share a common thread – the potential for prevention and early detection. While genetic factors do contribute, lifestyle choices and environmental exposures are major contributing factors for up to 60-70% of cancers.
Addressing the rising burden of cancer in India requires a multi-faceted approach involving public health campaigns about risk factors and lifestyle modifications, diligent implementation of tobacco control laws, nationwide screening programs and widespread access to quality healthcare.
Cancer may be a formidable adversary, but collaborative efforts by the government, healthcare providers, NGOs, and the community can develop effective strategies to prevent, detect, and manage cancers effectively. Let us unite in this cause for a healthier India.
Rohit Malhotra is a medical expert and health journalist who offers evidence-based advice on fitness, nutrition, and mental well-being. His articles aim to help readers lead healthier lives.
